Bank of Korea Maintains Leadership over 'KRW Stablecoin'… A Check on Lee Jae-myung’s Possible Administration?
Rhee Chang-yong Emphasizes Bank of Korea’s Stablecoin Authority Expresses Negative View on Issuance by Non-Bank Sectors Some See This as a Preemptive Move Ahead of an Early Presidential Election Presence of CBDC ‘Project Han River’ May Diminish The Bank of Korea has been repeatedly emphasizing its supervisory authority over KRW stablecoins. With expectations that the introduction of a KRW stablecoin could accelerate under Lee Jae-myung of the Democratic Party if elected president, analysts say the authorities are taking a preemptive checking stance. At the '2025 BOK International Conference' on the 2nd at the Bank’s annex in Jung-gu, Seoul, Governor Rhee Chang-yong stated, “We need to consider whether to allow non-bank sectors to issue KRW-denominated stablecoins.” He explained, “(Allowing non-bank stablecoins) requires multi-faceted consideration for financial stability,” and added, “Before permitting non-banks to enter the payments business, we must consider whether (KRW stablecoins) would circumvent or weaken capital regulations, among other factors.” Effectively, he expressed a negative stance on issuance of KRW stablecoins by non-banks. This is not the first time Governor Rhee has voiced such concerns. Four days earlier, at a press conference on the 29th of last month, he stated, “KRW stablecoins serve as a substitute for money,” and, “If issued by non-banking institutions, they could significantly impair the effectiveness of monetary policy.” He continued, “If currency substitutes fail or cause accidents, trust in the entire payment and settlement system could collapse at once.” The Bank of Korea as an institution has also expressed concerns regarding KRW stablecoins. In its ‘2024 Payment and Settlement Report’ released in April, the Bank noted, “Unlike ordinary virtual assets, stablecoins are inherently payment instruments,” and, “If their use expands, they could substitute for demand for legal tender, thereby undermining monetary sovereignty and the effectiveness of monetary policy.” The report continued, “In the event of a coin run triggered by external shocks, related risks could spill over into the traditional financial markets, posing threats to both financial stability and the security of payment and settlement systems.” Stablecoin Market Cap Soars by 47% in One Year A key background for the Bank of Korea’s renewed emphasis is the early presidential election slated for the next day. Lee Jae-myung, the leading presidential candidate, has highlighted the necessity of institutionalizing KRW stablecoins multiple times during his campaign. The Democratic Party even established a Digital Asset Committee under its campaign headquarters to promote policies on stablecoins and other virtual assets. Industry sources believe the adoption of KRW stablecoins may progress faster than expected if the Democratic Party takes power. On the world’s largest betting site, Polymarket, Lee’s probability of election as president is 96% as of today. The rapid expansion of the stablecoin market alongside the launch of the second Trump administration further amplifies the Bank of Korea’s sense of urgency. According to blockchain analytics platform RWAxyz, the global stablecoin market cap stands at $235.33 billion as of today, up about 47% from $160.05 billion a year ago. Data submitted by the Bank of Korea to Cho Kuk-hyeoksin Party lawmaker Cha Kyu-geun shows that the amount of stablecoins traded on domestic crypto exchanges surged from about ₩17 trillion in Q3 last year to about ₩60.3 trillion in Q4—more than tripling in just one quarter. The issue is, the Democratic Party’s view on KRW stablecoins contrasts with that of the Bank of Korea. The Democrats argue that nurturing the stablecoin industry is difficult without private sector involvement. On the 30th of last month, the Digital Asset Committee under the campaign headquarters issued a statement directly refuting Governor Rhee’s remarks. The Committee stated, “A central bank-centered approach to licensing and oversight of stablecoins may not align with global regulatory or technological currents,” and added, “If latecomer Korea insists solely on a bank-monopoly model without participation from domestic platform and fintech companies, we will inevitably fall behind in global competition.” US Fed: 'Non-Banks Must Have a Fair Opportunity Too' The US Fed’s stance is similar. At the ‘2025 BOK International Conference’ on the same day, Fed Governor Christopher Waller, in a discussion with Governor Rhee, defined stablecoins as “a payment tool that can be provided by non-bank institutions.” Waller explained, “As a payment tool, stablecoins offer an environment that lowers transaction fees,” and continued, “Banks are unfriendly to stablecoins, but non-bank payment providers should also be given a fair opportunity.” There are projections that a new government’s active push for KRW stablecoins could render the Bank of Korea’s Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) pilot, currently called ‘Project Han River’, largely irrelevant. The Bank has been operating a CBDC pilot program under this name since April. An industry insider speaking anonymously said, “Looking at overseas examples such as Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC), private sector participation is unavoidable in the process of adopting stablecoins,” adding, “If a new government pushes for private-sector-led stablecoin policy, the rationale and presence of the Bank of Korea’s CBDC project could diminish substantially.” Given these circumstances, the industry is closely watching whether the new government will allow non-bank sector entry in issuing KRW stablecoins. On this day, Hashed’s think tank, Hashed Open Research (HOR), a global Web3 VC, released a report noting, “Current regulations most relevant to Korea are Europe’s MiCA or Japan’s stablecoin law, both of which limit issuers to banks or bank-equivalent institutions.” The report continued, “If so, compatibility with DeFi or global payment systems will drop sharply, and the tokenomics based on a holder ecosystem will be effectively blocked.”
